Gene editing has emerged as a game-changer in the aquaculture industry, with over 25 species successfully undergoing transformative genetic alterations. Spearheaded by the Centre for Aquaculture Technologies (CAT), this cutting-edge technology promises groundbreaking advancements in fish farming.
According to Xavier Lauth, CAT’s director of innovation, gene editing offers precise tools to rewrite the genetic code of aquatic organisms. This natural process, evolved from ancient bacteria, holds immense potential to enhance traits such as yield, growth, and disease resistance. John Buchanan, CAT’s CEO, highlights the commercialisation of 100% sterile farmed fish as a significant breakthrough, offering solutions to regulatory challenges and environmental preservation.
Tilapia, known for their robust nature, have been a focal point of gene editing research. CAT’s achievements include producing pigmentation-free tilapia and large-scale 100% sterile populations, showcasing remarkable growth increases. The company’s ongoing efforts extend to vannamei shrimp, with successful feasibility trials marking a significant milestone.
Despite public debate and regulatory hurdles, gene editing is gaining acceptance globally. Countries like Argentina, Brazil, and Japan have deregulated genome-edited aquatic species, paving the way for commercialisation. Consumers increasingly recognise the benefits of GE, particularly in enhancing food security and environmental sustainability.
While commercial viability remains a challenge, early adopters stand to gain substantial economic returns. Enhancing feed conversion efficiency, for instance, could double farmer profits. However, the timeline for widespread implementation depends on refining techniques and overcoming species-specific challenges.
Looking ahead, CAT remains committed to driving gene editing’s commercial application across various traits and species. By collaborating with commercial partners, the focus remains on achieving 100% sterility in fish while exploring additional beneficial traits. With ongoing advancements and innovations, the aquaculture industry is poised for a transformative journey powered by gene editing technology.
