A recent study published in Nature Food highlights the potential of inexpensive, small fish species, particularly pelagic fish such as herring, sardines, and anchovies, to address nutritional deficiencies in underdeveloped nations.
The research, titled “Small Pelagic Fish Supply Abundant and Affordable Micronutrients to Low- and Middle-Income Countries,” indicates that these fish, residing in the upper layers of the open sea, were the most affordable and nutritious option in 72% of the countries analyzed.
The study, part of the Illuminating Hidden Harvests project, utilized data on catch volumes, economics, and nutrient content for 2,348 fish species across 39 low- and middle-income countries.
Small pelagic fish emerged as a cost-effective source of selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, iron, and calcium, being up to twice as affordable as other fish groups.
Notably, the research suggests that targeting small pelagic fish could play a vital role in addressing nutrient gaps in sub-Saharan Africa, where rising nutrient deficiencies are observed, and children under 5 years old consume only 38% of the recommended seafood intake.
The study’s findings indicate that just 20% of the current catch of small pelagic fish could meet the recommended dietary fish intake for all coastal children under 5.
Kathryn Fiorella, co-author of the study and assistant professor in the Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, emphasizes the significance of small pelagic fish as relatively affordable and high-quality sources of nutrients. This is particularly relevant in nations where access to such fish can serve as a crucial tool in combating malnutrition.
In contrast, cold-water species residing near the sea floor, such as cod and flounders, were identified as the least affordable options. The research outcomes provide valuable insights for informing public health and fisheries policies, particularly in regions where data on fish nutrients are limited.
The findings underscore the potential of harnessing small pelagic fish to contribute to global efforts in addressing malnutrition and promoting food security.
