Bangladesh has garnered global recognition for its remarkable success in freshwater fish production, securing the third position globally. However, concerns are emerging regarding the extensive use of antibiotics, pesticides, and hormones in the country’s aquaculture practices, raising questions about food safety.
According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization’s 2022 report on global fisheries and aquaculture, Bangladesh produced over 1.25 million metric tons of freshwater fish in 2020, marking a significant increase from 440,000 metric tons in 1980.
To meet the protein demand of its growing population, Bangladesh has been utilizing antibiotics, pesticides, and hormones in fish farming, contributing to potential food safety issues. Aqua-chemicals are commonly employed to prevent and treat diseases in fish farming, enhance water quality, and boost productivity. However, their indiscriminate use has raised environmental and health concerns.
A 2021 survey conducted in Rajshahi district highlighted that, farmers lacked proper knowledge of aqua-chemicals and antibiotics, with a significant percentage unaware of effective dosages. The study emphasized the need for strict monitoring to address potential ecological risks and adverse health implications.
While the study indicated that antibiotic concentrations in cultured fish did not pose an immediate risk to human health, further research is recommended. The rapid surge in chemical use in aquaculture could threaten aquatic species and human health, considering that over 80% of Bangladesh’s population relies on fish as a primary source of animal protein.
The use of hormones in fish farming for induced breeding has also come under scrutiny, with potential risks identified for human and environmental health. Bangladesh’s hatcheries, which contribute significantly to fish seed production, have been using inducing agents to boost reproduction. The use of hormonal products in fish farming has been associated with endocrine disorders and negative health impacts.
The release of untreated industrial waste and chemicals into open waters, including rivers, further compounds the issue. Approximately 200 rivers in Bangladesh receive untreated industrial waste, posing risks to fish diversity and human health. Chemical pollutants and heavy metals, including lead, mercury, cadmium, and zinc, can accumulate in fish, affecting local food sources.
Efforts are underway to address these concerns, with authorities urging fish farmers and hatcheries to exercise caution in chemical use. The Fisheries Department emphasizes the potential hazards of antibiotics and chemicals, urging responsible practices to ensure both environmental sustainability and public health.
