In a significant move to promote sustainable fishing practices and boost coastal fisheries, the Indian Department of Fisheries has approved a budget of Rs 126 crore for the installation of 732 artificial reef units across 10 coastal states. This initiative falls under the “Integrated Modern Coastal Fishing Villages” program of the Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) of Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY).
The projects are being executed in collaboration with technical support from the Fishery Survey of India (FSI) and the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI). As of now, all coastal states have completed their site selection process. Notably, the states of Kerala and Maharashtra have also completed the tendering process for the execution of the work. It is expected that all these projects will be completed by January 2024.
The installation of artificial reefs in coastal waters and the implementation of sea ranching programs are anticipated to revitalize coastal fisheries and replenish fish stocks. Artificial reefs are engineered interventions designed to rehabilitate and enhance natural habitats, increase productivity, and manage aquatic resources, including habitat enhancement.
Advantages of Artificial Reefs:
- The installation of artificial reefs offers a range of benefits, including:
- Similar to natural reefs, artificial reefs are used to aggregate fish and provide a habitat for fish to thrive, reducing wave damage along the coasts.
- They aid in the regeneration of marine ecosystems and act as carbon sinks, contributing to environmental sustainability.
- According to the CMFRI, the installation of artificial reefs can lead to a two to three-fold increase in catch rates and efficiency. This translates to savings in fuel and energy costs, ultimately increasing income for fishers.
- Artificial reefs provide a stable substrate for marine life, including corals, algae, and plankton, fostering sea ranching and serving as spawning and nursery grounds for fish.
- They enhance opportunities for recreational fisheries, snorkelling, eco-tourism, and diving, creating suitable areas for these activities while reducing conflicts in fishing zones.
- Importantly, artificial reef structures restrict bottom trawling in nearshore areas, aiding in the regeneration of the marine environment and allowing small-scale fishers to achieve higher catches. One artificial reef of 300m³ is expected to support 25-30 non-mechanized boats, as per the CMFRI.
- The artificial reef initiative under PMMSY is a significant step towards addressing these challenges and revitalizing India’s coastal fisheries for a more sustainable and prosperous future.