Assam, with its vast aquatic resources spanning over 94,000 hectares, has long been known for its diverse fishery industry. However, despite its natural wealth, the state has faced challenges in achieving self-sufficiency in fish production. Aiming to overcome these hurdles, Assam’s aquaculture sector is undergoing a remarkable transformation with the introduction of freshwater prawn farming—specifically, the cultivation of Scampi (giant freshwater prawn).
A Landmark in Assam’s Fisheries
Assam’s fisheries have traditionally focused on species like Rohu, Catla, and various types of carp. While these species have contributed significantly to the state’s annual fish production, the advent of freshwater prawn farming promises to take the sector to new heights. Scampi, a species globally recognized for its commercial value and consumer preference, has proven to be an ideal candidate for Assam’s climate and farming practices.
By integrating prawns with carp, local farmers are optimizing the use of resources such as water, feed, and pond space. This polyculture method not only improves nutrient cycling but also diversifies income streams for farmers, thus reducing financial risks. Prawns and carp coexist harmoniously by occupying different ecological niches, leading to improved overall pond productivity and minimizing environmental impacts.
Breakthrough Projects and Economic Impact
In 2023, a groundbreaking pilot project led by WorldFish India, in collaboration with Assam’s Department of Fisheries, introduced freshwater prawn and carp polyculture in five districts—Kamrup, Nalbari, Morigaon, Darrang, and Goalpara—under the World Bank-funded APART project. The initiative brought together small-scale farmers through the creation of Farmer Producer Groups (FPGs) in each district, with each group managing a five-hectare water area.
The results have been astounding. Each group produced an average of 60 kilograms of prawns and 500 kilograms of fish per season, driven by high demand and efficient farming practices. This diversification has led to substantial increases in income for farmers across the state.
One of the key factors in this success has been the use of a genetically improved (GI) strain of giant freshwater prawns. This new strain is not only disease-resistant but also grows faster, reaching an average size of 80 grams in just ten months compared to 60 grams for the normal strain. The strain’s higher survival rate and enhanced growth make it a highly profitable option for farmers.
The Future of Freshwater Prawn Farming in Assam
As farmers and aquapreneurs increasingly recognize the financial and environmental benefits of integrating prawn farming into their practices, the future of Assam’s aquaculture industry looks promising. With the success of the APART project, more farmers are expected to adopt this innovative polyculture system, paving the way for Assam to become a leader in sustainable aquaculture in India.
The introduction of disease-resistant prawn strains, along with the support from government and international organizations, provides a blueprint for enhancing productivity while promoting rural economic development. As a result, freshwater prawn farming is set to revolutionize the aquaculture landscape of Assam, contributing to the state’s journey towards self-reliance in fish production.
A Sustainable Path Forward
The integration of freshwater prawn and carp polyculture offers a sustainable approach to aquaculture, providing both economic and ecological benefits. By optimizing resources and promoting a diversified income stream, this farming practice is positioning Assam’s rural communities for long-term success. As more districts adopt this model, the potential for statewide aquaculture growth becomes increasingly tangible.
