Indian zoologists have unearthed two previously unknown species of spiny clam shrimps thriving in dry rock pools within Karnataka and Goa. These newly identified species exhibit genetic distinctiveness from other clam shrimps found in India, shedding light on crucial insights for local conservation efforts.
Contrary to their name, clam shrimps are not related to clams. They possess a protective carapace that resembles a clamshell, which they close when disturbed, giving them their clam-like appearance.
The international team of researchers, led by Sameer M. Padhye and Mihir R. Kulkarni, embarked on their mission to uncover the diversity of these intriguing creatures in India. They meticulously isolated adult clam shrimp specimens from the rock pools and preserved them in ethanol for further analysis. Under a specialized microscope, they examined and photographed these remarkable creatures.
This dedicated team, collaborating with experts from Biologia Life Science LLP in Ahmednagar and the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology in Hyderabad, successfully identified and named two new species: Leptestheria chalukyae and Leptestheria gomantaki. These distinctions were based on unique characteristics in their head and tail structures, as well as DNA sequence data. chalukyae, paying homage to the ancient Chalukya dynasty that once ruled large parts of southern India, stands out for its distinct dorsal head and tail spines, particularly in males. Meanwhile, L. gomantaki, named after the scenic state of Goa, exhibits a one-of-a-kind head morphology in its female population.
These spiny clam shrimps have developed the ability to produce resting eggs capable of enduring arid environments. These eggs can be dispersed by wind and birds, contributing to the species’ survival. Remarkably, clam shrimps have withstood geological challenges on the Indian subcontinent, enduring events like the Deccan Volcanism and the formation of the Himalayas, as highlighted by the researchers.
This groundbreaking discovery not only enriches our understanding of India’s biodiversity but also provides valuable insights for the design of conservation measures to protect these delicate creatures and their habitats. Stay tuned for further developments on this exciting find.
